Organic food Essay

We have all heard the phrase â€Å"What you don’t know won’t hurt you† and it has undoubtedly applied to many situations in our lives that we are still unaware of. We like to toss around this phrase without worrying too much about what it implies because that is the whole point of the phrase, not to worry. When it comes to what we are putting into our bodies, though, what we do not know can indeed hurt us immensely. In the United States, we have grown accustomed to not thinking much about what we are consuming. The main factors we look for in food are taste and price. We live in a consumer society where money rules our nation, it rules our lives, and it rules us. Money has become the main focus for every decision we make, but when it comes to something as important as our health, should we look at a few other factors? With societies concerns focusing on wealth and profit, there is no surprise that the food industry finds the cheapest ways to produce the most food. Consequently, this produces many negative effects on aspects of our lives such as our health and the environment. When choosing what foods to consume, we should begin to pay more attention to factors other than the price tag. The food industry obviously plays a big role in this epidemic of processed food, but they are not the only ones to blame. Yes they are the ones taking advantage of our ignorance by mass-producing cheap food that they know we will not think twice about, but the ignorance is our fault. Author of The Omnivore’s Dilemma, Michael Pollan, describes the current foundation of the food industry, â€Å"Our food system depends on consumers’ not knowing much about it beyond the price disclosed by the checkout scanner. Cheapness and ignorance are mutually reinforcing† (Pollan 245). Pollan is correct in his assumption that most Americans do not know much about their food besides how much it cost. Most of them are not even aware that they do not know what is in their food. They subconsciously assume that chicken is chicken and cheese is cheese, but unfortunately that is hardly ever the case. Many people choose to live along these guidelines of â€Å"ignorance is bliss† by not paying attention to the horror stories of the food industry; they turn their heads from documentaries on animal treatment and plug their ears at the mention of the real ingredients of their precious snacks. As long as the food they are eating tastes good and did not cost a lot of money, they are content with not knowing how unhealthy it might be. Pollan further explains another reason people buy the cheapest available food: It makes good economic sense that people with limited money to spend on food would spend it on the cheapest calories they can find, especially when the cheapest calories—fats and sugars—are precisely the ones offering the biggest neurobiological rewards. (Pollan 108) People with lower incomes are confined to buying cheap food, typically the most processed and unhealthy food, because with their limited funds they cannot afford to care about the quality of what they are eating. They buy what is cheapest because that is all they can get. As long as they have food in their stomachs, they do not complain or worry too much about the side affects. Eating food that may not be very healthy definitely outweighs the alternative of eating nothing and starving. Americans are ignorant of the food that they purchase either because they choose not to educate themselves or because they really have no choice. Either way, they are missing out on other possibilities of obtaining food that have many advantages. Not knowing what our food is made of also prevents us from knowing what alternative food options are available to us. Because we see no problems with our current food choices, we see no reason to discover new ones. The processed food at the supermarket is all we know because it is the most convenient and affordable from of nourishment we can obtain. Pollan’s book includes the testimony of someone who buys food from a local, organic farmer, â€Å"†¦for me it’s all about the taste, which is just so different—this is a chickinier chicken. Art’s chickens just taste cleaner, like the chicken I remember when I was a kid† (Pollan 252). The food available from local farmers is not only better for our health and the environment but it also tastes better. We have grown accustomed to the artificially flavored food we buy from grocery stores and do not realize that the food we eat could taste better and more natural. The locally grown food tastes healthier and more natural because that is precisely what it is. The artificially engineered taste of chicken in a common chicken nugget is not what a chicken should taste like. Besides enhanced taste, buying from local farmers offers many other benefits as well. An organic farmer interviewed in The Omnivore’s Dilemma explains some more benefits of buying locally, With our food all of the costs are figured into the price. Society is not bearing the cost of water pollution, of antibiotic resistance, of food-borne illnesses, of crop subsidies, of subsidized oil and water—of all the hidden costs to the environment and the taxpayer that make cheap food seem cheap. (Pollan 243) One of the main reasons why people do not want to look into these alternative methods of eating is because they are more expensive. People overlook these opportunities because the organic food appears overpriced, but when you evaluate all these factors it might not be as overpriced as you might think. Yes the food is more expensive but it stands true that you get what you pay for. When paying more, you are receiving a whole lot more that benefits your health, community, and environment. The extra money that would be spent on food, you might save on your medical bills and taxes. Locally produced food is healthier for you and it carries a much less chance of containing disease and illness. Another bonus of buying from local farms: there is less pollution created than in the factories and slaughterhouses of the globalized food industry. If people became aware of alternative food options and the benefits associated with them, they would be more inclined to pay better attention to what they are buying. This would not only improve ones personal health, but also the environment. Although money remains a very important role in deciding what we purchase, it would benefit us to consider a few other aspects of the food that we buy. Paying attention to details such as what goes into the food, where it is produced, and how it is produced would lead us to make healthier decisions. More often than not, a satisfying answer to these questions will not be found in the food at our local supermarkets, but rather a local farmer. Buying from these farmers would mean supporting a healthy environment and body. Their production methods are healthier and much more environmentally friendly than any factories in a big-name food industry. While it may seem that this is a simple choice, many Americans will continue to ignore these truths. When it comes down to it, money rules everything and it will take a lot more than the promise of better health for people to overlook a price tag. They say ignorance is bliss, but when that ignorance leads to decisions that contaminate our bodies and our environment, the bliss will be short lived.

Does Person-Centred Therapy Differ from Other Helping Relationships?

â€Å"How do person-centred counsellors use the therapeutic relationship to facilitate change- and in what way (s) does person-centred therapy differ from other helping relationships? † word count: 2,495 Person centred counselling originated and was evolved on the ideas of American psychologist Carl Rogers. The influences on Carl Rogers and he’s conceptualisation of Person centred counselling are numerous, from his early family life living on a farm, his interest and involvement in theology and his formative professional career. One incident which appears to have had a particular impact on Carl Rogers was when working in his first job as a psychologist, at Rochester New York, for an organisation for the prevention of cruelty to children, whilst working with a parent (Kirshenbaum H, et al. 1989). At this stage in his career Carl Rogers, being trained in or influenced by the tradition of psychoanalysis, was essentially working in a diagnostic and interpretative way, helping a child or parent gain insight or an intellectual understanding of their own behaviour and what was unconsciously driving or motivating it (Thorne B 2002) . He formalised that the problem with the child stemmed from the Mother’s rejection of the child in his early years. But despite a number of sessions was unable to help the Mother gain this insight. He concluded that it wasn’t working and finally gave up. The Mother was leaving when she asked Carl Rogers if he takes adults for counselling. He began working with the mother, where she subsequently expressed her despair of unhappiness and feelings of failure, which was more emotive and authentic in expression, than the previously intellectual and matter of fact account given previously of her history and current life. Carl Rogers said that ‘real therapy’ began at this moment and concluded in a successful outcome (Kirshenbaum H, et al. 1990). This is Carl Roger’s view and what he learned from this experience: â€Å"This incident was one of a number which helped me to experience the fact- only fully realized later- that is the client who knows what hurts, what directions to go, what problems are crucial, what experiences have been deeply buried. It began to occur to me that unless I had a need to demonstrate my own cleverness and learning, I would do better to rely upon the client for the direction of movement in the process†. Kirshenbaum H, et al. 1990 p13). This statement is arguably the beginnings of what, in many ways would later define and becomes a way of working within person centred therapy – that is a therapy that allows the client to be whom the client is, without any active direction from the therapist. Carl Rogers through clinical experience, research an d development later defined his model of therapy. He based it upon the principles of a person as having at it’s a core an instinctive tendency towards growth, to fulfilling their potential as a person in what he termed ‘self actualisation’ (Mearns D, et al. 988). Carl Rogers believed that every living organism has a desire to increase, widen and broaden. Essentially, a fundamental urge to improve upon itself and that although, in the case of human beings, this urge may be buried or hidden by multiple psychological structures and conflicts, he strongly believed in the existence of this actualisation tendency in all of us and that given the correct conditions, it could be freed and realised in all of us (Rogers C 1961- becoming a person). Personally, I have recognised a need to develop and grow within myself for sometime and this has again been highlighted to me during this term. The more I become aware of my insecurities and pre judgements, the greater the desire to become bigger than them only becomes more apparent to me. Through my clinical experience working with adults with mental health problems, I have certainly recognised a desire in many, to become bigger or more than their issues, although, I am not certain if that was a desire to escape from their often intolerable suffering, or a fundamental need to self actualise†¦ at the very least, I would suggest self actualisation is an entirely relative supposition and will differ from person to person, dependent upon their own experiences, circumstances and perhaps even expectations. These correct conditions which are required within person centred therapy in order that the client can achieve self actualisation and personality change were outlined by Carl Rogers and he believed that if this 6 conditions were met, it would facilitate change within the client: Two persons are in psychological contact- both client and counsellor are present physically and psychologically. The client is in a state of incongruence, (which will be discussed in more detail) the communication of the counsellor’s empathetic understanding and unconditional positive regard is met at a minimal level. The last condition mentioned involves 3 other conditions, which are essential attitudes and qualities necessary for the counsellor to posses for successful therapy; empathic understanding, unconditional positive regard and congruence. (Rogers C, 1957). Before looking at the latter 3 in more detail, it is important to understand Carl Rogers’s view of the person and perhaps what is ultimately bringing the client to therapy. Carl Rogers believed that there is incongruence between the self that is the actualisation part, that has a desire to grow, is open to experiencing in the moment and ultimately psychological well being and the actual experience of the self. He believed this effect was caused by ‘conditions of worth’, by external expectations, such as by parents and teachers, i. e. f you behave in a certain way that pleases me, that perhaps doesn’t evoke anxieties in me, you are a good boy- there are certain ‘conditions’ attached to being in this relationship- the child tries to internalise these conditions in order to maintain the relationship (Mearns D 1994- developing PC). Consequently, people deny or distort the experiences to their selves, which differ to how we are supposed or are condi tioned to be. Therefore, Carl Rogers believed that we begin to believe in what we are not and refute who we really are (Mearns D 1994). The person has a fixed and inflexible view, or self concept (Rogers C 1980). It’s almost as if the person is driven in implementing or adopting certain behaviours in order to be accepted or loved and denying, or at the cost of their true self and feelings. This is the state of incongruence Rogers was referring as apart of the necessary conditions. Carl Rogers recognised, through his development of this approach, that distinctive and essential qualities are necessary within the therapist, for successful therapy and to facilitate character change. The emphasis being on the therapist’s attitude towards the client, as opposed to any technical skills or interventions, in comparison to many other modalities. As already mentioned, the key attitudes or qualities being empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard (Rogers C 1980). Empathy can be considered as having an ability to perceive and understand in the other person their feelings, experiences and their meaning to that person. To understand the internal world of that person, to be fully aware of the feelings they are experiencing, their anger or sadness for example, as if they are your own, but being aware that they are the clients, in order that your own feelings do not become the focus or blur the clients own experiencing (Rogers C, 1957). To absolutely see from the clients view, the feelings they may have from their position or personal experiencing, but recognising them as separate from your own. I recall a moment during this term, when in skills practise, being in the ‘client role’, when I received empathy. I was speaking about a personal situation, which I was aware on some level had meaning to me, but wasn’t fully aware of, or experiencing the feelings relating to this meaning. My perception later was that the person listened so intently, was so with me in trying to make sense of my situation, that they really did know and fully understand how it must feel for me. It was almost if I had no choice in allowing my feelings to be present, to come to my awareness and I was left with a sense of loss, feelings of loss, that I wasn’t aware of and made tremendous sense to my circumstances and why I had some anxiety and confusion in relation to this particular issue. This highlights for me how powerful empathy can be, as well as actively listening to and showing an interest sufficient in trying to understand the client, but also how it has the potential to provoke in the client in becoming aware of hidden feelings or realisations. Unconditional positive regard (UPR) is another important aspect and described as having total acceptance of the client, without conditions, whoever and whatever the client is, or how they may behave. An acceptance of not what they may or could be, but as they are now, regardless of what desired qualities the counsellor may wish for. It means total respect and valuing the person, without judgement. It also involves a sense of genuine care and wanting the best for them, including warmth for the person (Rogers C 1961). David Mearns talks about the often confusion in trainees, when understanding UPR, with a statement such as, ‘how is it possible to like all my clients’? He makes a distinction that liking is generally selective, as we perceive a similarity in values and complementary needs and UPR and liking are two very different concepts (Mearns D 1994). Unconditional positive regard is completely about valuing the person, without conditions, with all the facets of the person, their struggles, protective layers, confusion and perhaps inconsistencies. This unconditional stance is a contradiction to the conditions of worth spoken of earlier and is a vital component of person centred counselling (Kulewicz S, 1989). If a client is holding a believe that they will only be accepted, depending on the condition of others, essentially they do not see themselves as being wholly acceptable. The stance and communication of UPR can break this believe and the client is able to be in a relationship, with the counsellor accepting them without conditions (Rogers C 1961). If the counsellor is consistently valuing the client, the client perhaps has no reason for the protective layers and can be more open to their own inner experiences. Also, I wonder if the counsellor is almost giving permission and communicating a message to the client that it is ok to accept who they truly are. Another essential attitude for the counsellor, recognised by Rogers is congruence. This is the counsellor being who they are, no facade or ‘professional’ barrier. The counsellor is open and genuine in the relationship, allowing all feelings and thoughts to be in his awareness and available to him (Rogers C 1961). It’s being present with yourself and owning your feelings, not necessarily expressing what you are experiencing at the time to the client, but also not denying it. How congruence is conveyed is ultimately depended upon the counsellor themselves and when appropriate. It is about allowing a trust to be formed with the client, without pretences, where the counsellor is being human and willing to be seen (Thorne B 2002). If the counsellor is willing to acknowledge his feelings, strengths, perhaps their mistakes or weakness, it can not only allow for a more open and flowing relationship, but again I see this as perhaps giving permission to the client to embrace themselves, their strengths and weaknesses. How this differs from a helping relationship, are mainly the quality of contact and the nature of the differences in relationship. What if our client seeks help from a non person centred counsellor, perhaps a professionally respected person, a Doctor, teacher, perhaps even a work place manager, or colleague. They will listen, perhaps are sympathetic, are likely to offer advice and some direction the person may take in order to resolve their problem. But there is no ongoing process, no consistency of a relationship, with all the qualities discussed, empathy, UPR and congruence. The person centred therapist offers a safe and non judgemental relationship, with the client being valued for who they are, where they can grow in understanding of themselves, gain insight and become psychological stronger and independent. A helping relationship, although perhaps useful and supportive, will not facilitate change and allow a person to grow. In conclusion, person centred therapy is about an effective relationship, or aspires to be one, in which a person through experiencing a positive connection with another person, namely the therapist, receives deep empathy, understanding and genuine care. This enables a person to question or challenge their self concepts, to begin to experience buried or hidden feelings and gain a deeper understanding of themselves, with more acceptances and the autonomy to live without fear of their own feelings and perhaps their truer selves. It is without any difficulty from me to admire the sheer humanity of what Carl Rogers achieved with person centred therapy, the whole ethos of accepting and allowing the person to grow through such a positive and caring relationship. It appears to me that this is an incredibly challenging model of therapy, for both client and therapist. For the client the person centred therapist may appear safe and accepting, even inoffensive or unchallenging to his protective mechanisms or fixed self concepts, but that is perhaps the greatest challenge to the client, who may want answers or ways of dealing with their issues, perhaps unbearable anxiety and will perhaps look to the therapist for solutions and will find the person centred therapist completely and deeply sharing their distress, but essentially leaving it with client to be able to tolerate and accept for themselves, with of course as discussed, with the intention for the client to grow, understand the meaning behind their distress and ultimately in becoming psychologically independent. I would imagine, at least initially or in the short term, it must be difficult for the client, who is still searching and looking outside of himself, for the apparent safety and false ‘conditions’ that will make it all well again. For the therapist, the challenge is potentially numerous, but what I recognise is the trust he must have in the process of person centred therapy, in maintaining all the attitudes as discussed and consistently so. I can see that taking great strength and discipline, when he could perhaps temptingly turn to direction and advice giving. I am also left wondering if the strengths within PC therapy are also its weaknesses. The quality of therapy can only be as effective as the quality of therapist, or the limitations of the therapist. This could be said of other therapies, but for example, the CBT therapist has a direction and structure to fall back on. The challenge to the PC therapist is to be constantly growing and developing, as there is such a dependence upon who they are in the relationship. References: Kirshenbaum, H. and Henderson, V. L. (1989) The Carl Rogers reader Bury St. Edmunds: St Edmundsbury Press Limited. Kulewicz, S. F. (1989) The twelve core functions of a Counselor (5th Edn). Marlborough, CT: Counselor Publications. Mearns, D. and Thorne, B. (1988) Person-centred counselling in Action (3rd Edn). London: Sage Publications Ltd. Mearns, D. 1994) Developing Person Centred counselling (2nd Edn). London: Sage Publications Ltd. Rogers, C. R. (1957) The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Therapeutic Personality Change Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol. 60, No. 6, 827-832 . Rogers, C. R. (1961) On Becoming a Person London: Constable & Robinson Ltd. Rogers, C. R. (1980) A way of Being Boston: Houghton and Mifflin Company. Rogers, C. R. (1980) Client Centred psychotherapy In: Kaplan, H. I. et al, ceds, Comprehensive text book of Psychiatry (3rd Edn). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co. Thorne, B. Dryden, W. (2002) Person Centred Counselling in W. Dryden Handbook of Individual Therapy (4th Edn). London: Sage. pp. 131-157.

Frederick Douglass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Frederick Douglass - Essay Example ille Convention, Frederick Douglas presented some of his grievances against the government that were based on the political and social status of black Americans in the United States. His main complaint was that even after the abolition of slavery, the prejudice against black Americans was rampant and a norm in American society. He observed that the justice system and the clergy were also turning a blind eye towards the discrimination experienced by black Americans (Douglass, p. 2). In particular, he criticized the Lynch law which made the black American community increasingly vulnerable to hate crimes by prejudiced people (Douglass, p. 3). Douglas also stated his grievance against the prejudices demonstrated towards black people in seeking employment and justice. Another grievance that he held against the government was the disenfranchisement of the black Americans. The civil right of political participation was not being protected. He decried that the American government was not ensuring fair representation and that the electoral process was flawed. By disenfranchising the black population, the government was preventing them to be represented as political leaders in the states where they are in a majority (Douglass, p. 5). He argued for a fairer electoral system where the black population was given an equal right to vote and be elected. He stressed that it was the responsibility of the government to ensure that the law was applied uniformly without regard to the colour of the skin of the citizens. Douglas stated that the government was responsible to ensure that the freedoms and civil rights granted in the American Constitution were not denied to any citizen. In his struggle for racial equality in the United States, Martin Luther King practiced non-violence. He was a believer in dialogue and negotiation to create mutual understanding between the white and black races so that both could enjoy their civil rights equally in society (King, p. 3). Writing from jail

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership - Assignment Example Dell envisioned a great opportunity in the computing technology and decided to provide customers with computers at affordable prices and efficiently. He started off with a thousand dollars and saw technology as a means of increasing people’s potential. Dell’s vision was to design, manufacture and sell great computers that were affordable to every individual. He wanted to enhance the process of purchasing computers and through his vision he was able to redefine the manner in which personal computers were sold. In 1994, Dell became the youngest Chief Executive Officer of a Fortune 500 company by keeping to his vision and leading his company to great heights (Krivda 22). Alan Sugar was able to build Amstrad, a company that dealt with consumer electronics by establishing authority and giving clear goals and objectives to his employees. Sugar is a commanding leader who indicates the direction that the company should take and does not consult his subordinates on any issue concerning the company’s dealings. While at the age of twenty one, Alan Sugar saw various opportunities in the electronics’ business (Sugar 3). He grew up in an impoverished part of Britain and envisioned being rich, thus focusing on a successful path by taking the lead role and focusing the company in the direction that he wanted. His vision also encompasses the value of customers as he notes that the customers are always right and therefore, seeks to provide quality products and services. He directs his employees in a way that will ensure profitability for his business as he seeks to reward the employees that meet their goals and punishes those that do not. He steers t he business to success by asserting authority on the employees and setting goals that the employee must meet. Sugar’s vision is not limited to a certain business field as he also likes to diversify by starting

Pina bausch-Radical performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Pina bausch-Radical performance - Essay Example There, she also started giving performances simultaneously. She attributes the solid foundation of her formative career to her tenure in New York. On her return to Germany, Bausch started performing in Folkwang Ballet. One of her early independent choreographic achievements was her creation Im Wind der Zeit, In the Wind of Time, which came first at the Second International Choreographic Competition, Cologne. Then onwards, Bausch went on to become director of Wuppertal Opera Ballet that was later rechristened as Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch. With this new entity, Bausch started realizing her aspirations of reviving Ausdrucktranz. Unfortunately, the political developments and the spread of Nazism in Germany that culminated in WW2 put Bausch’s theatre movement on indefinite hold. Even after the war, theatre remained out of the wish list of Germans for quite some time, reconstruction of the war-ravaged country obviously taking priority. It was not until the early 1960s that a theatre renaissance started occurring in Germany. The war and its devastation had had a very telling effect on the collective psyche and all the suppression and frustration was waiting to vent itself out in the form of renewed creative energy. In terms of theatre art, this energy surfaced in the form of a liberated, non-conformist free spirit that was not bound by convention. â€Å"Young dancers felt constrained by the formation of German ballet and American post-modern dance, and rebelled against the Americanization of their country. Some returned to the expressionism of Ausdrucktanz and started to venture into new ground, combini ng it with elements of other arts. Towards the late 1970s, the term Tanztheater, or dance theatre began to be used to distinguish the work of these choreographers† (Tashiro, 1999). Foremost among them was the name of Pina Bausch. And thus, a legend started

ESD ( Emergency shout down) tool (chemical engneering) Essay

ESD ( Emergency shout down) tool (chemical engneering) - Essay Example With all the components functioning properly, ESD can process an incoming input from the sensors and sends an output signal to initiate a response that handles the emergency. The principle parts of the system are the sensors, valves actuators and the logics units. When an output signal is sent to the valve in the event of any risk, a solenoid valves responds by initiating failure response and the programmed logical action is carried out. An impedance device with direct current power system boosts the solenoid operations, the power also runs the processor, but it has to be converted back to alternating current. In most cases, emergency tools or devices are used to perform safety operations, which includes shutting down an equipment or process when a fault is detect, such faults includes damage to the system or improper operation that can lead to damages. In some cases, emergency shutdown system can isolate a part of a system that may be presenting some risks such as deactivating hydrocarbon inventories, stopping hydrocarbon flow and depressurizing the system. ESD gives the operator a variety of integration options; one can integrate it as a stand-alone or full integration courtesy of its unique circuit design. It has a fully loaded library with operative commands that includes graphics, trend extended automation entities such as faceplates, graphic elements, trends, document links and alarms and events. In addition, ABB provides a broad family of industry-specific libraries that contain Control Modules, Function Blocks, Data Types and graphic elements including special safety systems features for ESD applications1. These pre-tested and safety-certified libraries significantly reduce the time required to engineer, test and maintain control while minimizing project risks. These libraries are certified for Safety Integrity Levels 3 and 2. The visualization system can be designed specifically fit the

Copperative Learning Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Copperative Learning Strategies - Assignment Example After the time to brainstorm has elapsed each group is allowed to share the findings with each other using the round robin style. The recorder jots down the answers of the group members (Rhem, 2010). Second structure is think-pair-share structure. This structure involves three steps. The first step involves individuals thinking silently about the question that has been posed by the instructor. During the second step, individuals come together in pairs and exchange their thoughts and ideas. During the third step the pairs that were previously formed share their findings with other pairs and come up with the final conclusion (Rhem, 2010). Third structure is ThinkPad brainstorming. This structure requires that students jot down their answers on a sheet of paper individually. Once all students write down their answers they share the information with the whole team (Rhem, 2010). Rather than cooperative learning structure, other forms of structures that can be used include focused listing, group dynamics and assessment techniques. These techniques can also be used to help the students grasp the topic easily (Rhem,

The comparison of the topic of genocide presented in the two movies Research Paper

The comparison of the topic of genocide presented in the two movies about the Holocaust - Research Paper Example Through this paper, the discussion will present the ways, in which American movies have presented the European event, and more importantly, how the perception of topics like genocide in the holocaust has been altered by the presentations of American film. The two movies are representative of the events of the holocaust, mainly because both deal with the events covered, from a different point of view. Further, previously developed viewpoints about the events of the holocaust have been altered by the release of the different media accounts. It is important to note that the Nazi holocaust is different from the holocaust –which is the media presentation of the holocaust – in the American society. The main issue, in this case, is that some aspects of the events, including the area of genocide have been altered, as a way of safeguarding the interests of the audience. Comparison between the Diary of Anne Frank and the Pawnbroker During the period between the conclusion of the war and the start of the 1960s, the events of the holocaust had no considerable influences on America’s film industry. Similar to the case of other art forms, the theme spurred less interest. The case is evident from the fact that, only a few – and often not successful – books covered the subject. This case could be the result of the view that the events did not warrant artistic exposure, but were those to be left to historians only. In 1956, the first movie on the events of the holocaust was made, by the name of ‘Night and fog’, which also had little influence in America, possibly, because it was done in French. Following the context narrated before, ‘the diary of Anne Frank’ was staged, first as a play in 1956, and later cast as a movie in 1959, which caused major influence in the presentation of the holocaust. The Pawnbroker tries to present a connection between the sufferings of the Jews at camps, to the case of the Afro-Americans s uffering at Harlem. The problem with attempting to develop a relationship between the two is that it destroys the historical record of the event. The movie shows the story of a professor who lost the wife and children at detention camps, and is shown as one running a pawnshop at Harlem. The many deaths are a clear representation of the deaths taking place at the death camps, which points to the genocide. Further, the account of the disturbing deaths of the wife and the children, bring to the viewer, a feeling closer to that experienced by the victims of the genocide. The movie goes ahead to expose the viewers, to the highly painful past of the survivor of the genocide, Mr. Sol Nazerman. Emphasis is channeled towards the impact of the past, on the survivor’s present life, which cripples his life in a traumatized manner. Sol’s life portrays the torture suffered by Jews; especially the many deaths taking place there, which were many to the level of warranting the situatio n to be referred as genocide. Therefore, this movie presents the genocide that took place during the holocaust more representative of the historical event, when compared to the case of the diary of Anne Frank. Through the diary of Anne Frank, the topic of genocide – which was aimed at the Jews – is generalized; in a way that, it is presented not to

Financial Managment worksheet 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Managment worksheet 3 - Essay Example The investors who invest their money in the firm for hope to get a return on their investment are called stockholders or shareholders. In other words, evaluation of a proposed project should be based on the project's cost of capital (Vernimmen, 2005). This is because when a company raises capital, there is usually no direct links between the return to the supplier of the company's capital and the return on individual project. The corporation then uses the weighted average of these capitals for mixing in the firm's overall equity to analyze the capital budgeting decisions. It takes into consideration the weighted average of all the capital and is thus referred as weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The firm's mixture of debt and equity is called its capital expenditure. Although actual level of debt and equity may vary somewhat over time, most firms try to keep their financing mix close to a target capital structure. As we know that the WACC is a weighted average of relatively low-cost debt and high cost equity, so precisely we can say that capital structure change will affect the WACC to increase or decrease with respect to the change that occurs in the capital structure. The firm's mixture of debt and equity is called its capital structure. ... ecisely we can say that capital structure change will affect the WACC to increase or decrease with respect to the change that occurs in the capital structure. OPTIMAL CAPITAL STRUCTURE: The firm's mixture of debt and equity is called its capital structure. The fundamental source of a company's value is the stream of net cash flows generated by it assets. This stream is usually referred to as the company's net operating cash flow or earning before interest and taxes (EBIT). The capital structure adopted by a company divides the stream between different classes of investors. If a company is financed entirely by equity and there is no company tax, this entire stream is available to provide income to shareholders. If a company also borrows funds, the lenders have the first claim on the net operating cash flow and shareholders are entitled to the riskier, residual cash flow that remains after the lenders have been paid (Vernimmen, 2005). Manager should choose the capital structure that maximizes shareholder's wealth. The basic approach is to consider a trial capital structure based on the market values of the debt and equity, and then estimate the wealth of the sharehold ers under this capital structure. This approach is repeated until an optimal capital structure is identified. We have to take 5 steps into consideration to determine an "optimal capital structure", the steps are; 1. Estimate the interest rate the firm will pay 2. Estimate the cost of equity 3. Estimate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) 4. Estimate the free cash flow and their present value, which is the value of the firm 5. Deduct the value of the debt to find the shareholders' wealth which we want to maximize An investor in a company with a low debt-equity ratio is likely to attach a low

International Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

International Business - Research Paper Example A group of traders was found to be changing the price of the foreign currency by a considerable amount in the least regulated markets of the country. This activity created a disaster in the market by raising the value of the local currency in the global market. The other suspicious matter that was observed during the course was that the major global banks were being benefited in their investment schemes. The Attorney General of the United States, Eric H. Holder Jr. ordered for a strict investigation regarding the matter in order to find out the best possible strategy to resolve the problems that have arrived due to the trading of the currency. The team that was assigned for the investigation of the case focused on the records of the currency trading and the reaction of the market concerning the increase in the currency rate (Protess et al., 2013). The currency rate is a vital determinant of the international business. The value of the currency in the international business can be enumerated by the facts that the international currency reduces the transaction costs and assists in overcoming the barriers of the international business. In the context of the aforesaid event, it has been found that the major banks were involved in the violation of the currency in the US market. This led to a rise in the currency value and affected the international business strategy of the country. The article reveals that the US Dollar has gone through a decline as a consequence of the drop in the growth of the industrial sector and manufacturing process of the country. The demand for the US Dollar in the international market and the lack of gains in the stock prices led the national economy to a downfall and at times this kind of situation leads to financial crisis. It has been ascertained that the Japanese currency Yen was heading forward in the global market and transcending the US Dollar to a great fall in the value. As per the

A Comparative Analysis of television channels FIVE and BBC Essay Example for Free

A Comparative Analysis of television channels FIVE and BBC Essay Television is a powerful media source, bringing stories to billions across the globe. It has been called the most awesome God-less force in the modern world and it is now seen as a major part of everyday life. The average person spends 4 hours a day watching TV becoming roughly 1/3 of a persons typical waking hours. Television is a constructed view of reality, sometimes exaggerated extremely, solely to create entertainment. In the UK, there are five major terrestrial television channels, (four organisations) with some being vastly more successful than others. The BBC is the only organisation not to make money from advertising. Their money is generated from the TV Licence fee, and this type of broadcasting is known as Public Service Broadcasting. Channel 5 is perhaps seen as the least successful of the five TV channels, possibly due to the fact that it is the youngest. The channel began in 1995, but it was not able to broadcast nationally as many of the populations televisions could not receive it. The company offered to retune every TV that couldnt receive it, before the big launch in 1997. A long advertising campaign was launched, known as Give Me Five in an attempt to draw in viewers. On the 30th March, 1997, Channel 5 was launched at 6pm, attracting an audience of 2. 4 million people, a figure higher than the launch of Channel 4, fifteen years earlier. This new channel neither had the money or reputation to buy and broadcast potentially successful material. Perhaps getting off to a bad start, the main schedule consisted of home and cookery programmes, cheap US exports, and late night pornography. However, Channel 5 did receive praise for its news programming, and soon the ratings became consistently acceptable. The channel gained more money, and was soon able to buy better quality shows, such as Home Away. In 2002, Channel 5 underwent a major image modification. The name changed from Channel 5 to simply, Five, and progressed itself as a serious rival to the other 4 channels. However, the channel has not been without its flaws. For example, Friends spin-off series, Joey, was bought by Five in 2005. Despite a high-profile launch and ad campaign, the program received poor ratings and was eventually cancelled. Similarly, other shows such as Robot Wars and CD:UK proved to be a flop for the channel. These unsuccessful shows have seemingly increased the channels poor reputation. In the channels first year of broadcasting, five receives its lowest audience shares of 2. 3%, but this can be expected from a debuting channel. Fifteen years earlier, Channel 4 received even lower audience shares on its opening night, although it could be argued that people watched less television in the 1980s. The audience shares increased, and peaked in 2004. The channel has the lowest audience share of the terrestrial channels, but, in its defence, Five is not received in all of the UKs homes. Like all of the other terrestrial channels, Five now has sister channels, Five US and Five Life. These two channels are both somewhat successful, but other sister channels, such as ITV2, E4 and BBC Three are proving to be more viewed. Nowadays, Five is able to branch out and buy successful US shows such as Prison Break and House, as well as buying programmes from other channels in 2008, Five bought Neighbours from the BBC. The BBC was established in the early 1920s, but it was not until 1936 that the channel began its regular television broadcasting as a public service TV channel. However, it was further suspended after WWII began, until 1946 when the permanent service was established. The BBCs mission was to inform, educate and entertain and is still taken into account today. The BBC broadcasts a wide variety of programmes on both of its channels, BBC1 and BBC2. The BBCs major programme is EastEnders, the popular primetime soap. On a weekly basis, the soap receives the highest rating of all terrestrial shows, with only the ITV1 soap, Coronation Street, (and occasionally reality shows such as The X Factor and Dancing On Ice) playing as its rival. Other BBC shows, such as Top Gear, Doctor Who and Little Britain have all been a success throughout the last decade, further improving the channels ratings and reputation. In an attempt to branch out and widen its audience, the BBC has recently made some unlikely purchases. In 2007, the channel brought the successful US show Heroes to BBC2. The show quickly became a phenomenon, and is different from what would usually be broadcast on BBC2. The BBC continues to dominate terrestrial TV, by finding ways to bring in more viewers. The programmes vary from food, to lifestyle, to documentary, to political. The BBC is now contending with ITV in the reality market, as it now features shows looking for new west-end stars, and the ever popular series, Strictly Come Dancing. BBC1 receives the highest audience share of the 5 channels, with an average of 26%. It is seen as the main channel, and regularly receives high ratings. This major organisation has the money to do whatever it pleases, and this has shown over the last decade. The BBC now has 8 channels BBC1, BBC2, BBC Three, BBC Four, BBC News 24, BBC Parliament, CBBC and CBeebies. These 8 channels prove to cater for everyone. BBC Three is the most popular of the sister channels, frequently receiving new material such as Lily Allen and Friends and Gavin Stacey. The channel is a lighter version of BBC1, with a more comedic element. The BBC now broadcasts internationally. A new channel, BBC America, was launched in 1998, and has carried programming from the BBC to the USA, such as Torchwood and The Graham Norton Show. BBC America is part of two international channels, the other being BBC World. A recent feature of the BBC, BBC iPlayer, has recently been introduced. It has become an on-demand online video player, with unlimited access to BBC shows. The iPlayer is proving extremely popular, with more than 3. 5 million programmes downloaded in its opening week. However, despite the BBC being a major empire, the company relies on the licence fee. It is the only channel not to rely on income through advertising. The core belief of public service television is that it is free from the pressures of commercial TV, and, as its income is guaranteed, public service TV is freer to explore. But this does not mean it can become complacent. High audience shares are still needed because, if they were to fall, the licence fee would be in serious jeopardy. For years, there has been a debate as to whether public service broadcasting should continue. Naturally, the BBC wishes for it to continue, whereas others disagree. The BBC has very little to do to secure its funding, whereas the commercial companies have to work to get their income. The opponents of public service television argue that it is simply another form of taxation. With the arrival and expansion of satellite and cable, some people have no interest in the public service channels. For the BBC, public service broadcasting means that certain pressures are put upon them, but their income is fixed. The BBC could be said to have better quality shows due to them receiving easy money, and it also means that their programmes can be longer, due to the fact that they dont have to make time for advertising. However, for Channel 5, public service television means that there are no pressures. The channel can show what they want (within reason) but their income is variable. Unsurprisingly, the commercial channels are against the licence fee, as it seems unfair. It seems as if the media are in constant debate over whether the licence fee should continue, as many people pay considerable sums for services in which they have no interest in.

Frankenstein Movie Version vs. Mary Shelley’s Novel Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein Movie Version vs. Mary Shelley’s Novel Essay In 1957 British Production Company Hammer Films launched their own series of adaptations of Frankenstein with the first film entitled â€Å"The Curse of Frankenstein†. The Frankenstein’s myth was revived once again. This time it was more different from the Universal Studios own version. The prominent element in the Universal Series was the monster but Hammer chose the person of Victor Frankenstein as focal point and subject of the story. The Curse of Frankenstein is set around 1880. Baron Victor Frankenstein and his new teacher Paul Krempe became close companions. They started their experiments and their first success was the reanimation of a puppy. After several years they want to experiment it on humans. They stole the body of a hanged highwayman from the gallows. Victor bought body parts like eyes, hands and several other parts, which they stitch together. Finally, the only thing needed to complete his creation is a brain, â€Å"the mind of a genius†. Victor killed his old mentor Professor Bernstein to place its brain in his creation. Victor Frankenstein was entirely different from the character in Shelley’s novel. He was not as bad as the film portrays. He doesn’t have to kill anyone to achieve his goal. The only close similarity to the original story is the monster with its ugly and horrible appearance. The monster also from the moment it wakes was found to be very aggressive and evil. It kills a blind man and a young girl unlike in the original where it is not even capable to express feelings and emotions. The film was based on the original story of Frankenstein novel but a lot of twists and modifications have been already done to the original theme. Works Cited Rohrmoser, Andreas. The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) The Monstrous Baron: Hammer Film’s Frankenstein Series. 2006. 24 September 2008. http://members. inode. at/359743/frankenstein/frankenstein-hammer. htm

Disadvantaged groups in education and emergencies

Disadvantaged groups in education and emergencies This chapter first identifies groups or clusters who would be particularly vulnerable educationally in an emergency. This does not catalogue all vulnerabilities in these groups, but tries to restrict it to existing disadvantage which may be exacerbated by emergency or new vulnerabilities created by disaster. It then looks at ‘educational sites’ which are also vulnerable in themselves, or which might contribute to vulnerability. It draws attention to the intersection of multiple vulnerabilities, but also signals the notion of emergency as an opportunity. The chapter also draws attention to hidden or forgotten emergencies. 3.1.1 Gender-related disadvantage It would be commonly agreed that girls as a broad category are at greater risk during an emergency, because of traditional gender disadvantage. ‘Normal’ patriarchal cultures are strengthened during emergencies, as people seek comfort in routine relations, roles and hierarchies. If girls are routinely left without access to education, this is unlikely to change. Afghanistan, for example, is traditionally seen as a site of educational difficulties for girls (although in Kabul they currently attend schools and projects freely). The links of gender disadvantage with poverty and economic vulnerability are well documented (Mujahid-Mukhtar, 2008). Cultural barriers often cited are limited roles for girls and women, differential treatment of girls in nutrition and health, men viewed as breadwinners, a male dominated education system, gender-differentiated child-rearing practices, low status of women, lack of knowledge of the social and personal benefits of education, gender ster eotyping and threat of sexual violence (UNICEF, 2007). Specific areas related to emergency in many or all countries which have been highlighted in this study would be: Early marriage (girls are pushed into marriage because of fragile and insecure situations, increased poverty, death of bread-winning relatives, and therefore they leave school). After war, there are fewer men, so girls are pushed into polygamous marriages (as in Afghanistan), but conversely, therefore, men are forced to accept more than one wife. Older people have not adapted their norms to accept single unattached women, as in other post-conflict locations Child labour (sons recruited in conflict, the need to work, displacement causing vulnerability to be incorporated into trafficking and sex trade). Domestic labour, normally girls, is often not viewed as ‘child labour’ although this can prevent school attendance. Boys are more likely to receive kits and educational materials because of ‘normal’ male preference in and out of schools (interview data, Nepal). Protectionism/lack of independence. In the context of the tsunami, in the Maldives secondary schools do not exist on every island, and parents may be reluctant to send their daughters to neighboring islands for fear of pregnancy and also fear of sexual abuse Abuse. Sexual abuse, rape, gang rape and physical abuse all get worse in the camps and in situations of emergency with the breakdown of law and order and lack of supervision. Men experiencing loss of status are more likely to engage in domestic violence. Trafficking for prostitution increases, particularly post-emergency when police or security force protection is withdrawn (interview data, Nepal). During conflict, boys may be recruited or taken for enforced labour. Kidnapping and abduction are a threat as well as trafficking. Religious taboos and misinformation. Oxfam reported that in some cases in the tsunami the heavy and voluminous clothing worn by Muslim women and the cultural barriers that prevent girls from learning to swim contributed to the death by drowning of many women and girls. The same clothing also restricted some women from running to high places or from climbing trees. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many men survived by doing just this. There are reports from many of the tsunami-affected countries of Muslim women who perished because they were too afraid to leave their home with their head uncovered. Conversely, in some cases the waves were so strong that women were stripped of their clothing and there are reports of naked women refusing to climb into rescue boats manned by males from their villages (Pittaway et al., 2007). Marginalization of females during humanitarian and reconstruction efforts after the tsunami, with lack of consultation about needs and with response efforts almost exclusively headed by male staff. Refuges and camps often showed little regard for women’s health, safety and privacy. However, gender-related disadvantage does not always mean girls come off worst: in conflict, boys may be more likely to be recruited as child soldiers, and hence lose schooling; in economic difficulties caused by disaster, they may be taken out of school because they have greater earning power. Conversely, there is evidence from Nepal that females joining insurgent groups (e.g. Maoists) may experience higher status there and participation in decision making, and that in this sense, conflict has increased rather than decreased female status. Much depends on their role, whether combatants, supporters or dependents (Plan, 2008a). While an ex-combatant woman may enjoy a more equal status within a relationship or marriage with another ex-combatant, when an unmarried woman otherwise wants to return to her family or community she is a seen as ‘spoiled’, as she would not have been protected in the same way as non-combatants growing up in traditional or conservative cultures. 3.1.2 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and refugees While these groups which can be caused by an emergency are clearly vulnerable generally, there is sometimes a difference relative to other groupings in that they are identifiable, and that they receive help. In some countries, those formally identified as IDPs may be the more fortunate ones, as they can claim assistance, including educational support. They are visible in the camps, whereas the ‘lone IDPs’ who are fleeing a personal emergency, or who do not have the political knowledge to claim official IDP status, can suffer problems of discrimination or exclusion in a new community. IDPs may not want to, or be unable to, return to their own communities, and have resettled: at what point do they cease to be IDPs, especially in normally nomadic societies where there is much seasonal migration for work? Specific issues relating to education and emergency are: Internal displacement exposes children to forced military recruitment; they may become direct targets in the conflict or be subject to unequal or biased educational service provision (Sri Lanka). Refugees suddenly become a minority, with loss of status and position; there is lack of choice, including educational choice. Afghan refugees in Pakistan complain that they are given very little choice about where to live – the camps nearer Afghanistan cannot guarantee security, and food or shelter cannot be guaranteed in Peshawar. There are the well-documented issues of language and curriculum of their new schools, as well as problems of ‘return’. Afghan refugees in Pakistan for example are now being sent back, causing a highly uncertain situation for them with all this movement. There is pressure on remaining schools after an emergency to accept more children, which means larger classes, therefore a decrease in quality and in drop-out for all children. ‘Hosting’ refugees amounts to an education emergency in affected communities, with jealousies and feelings that incomers drain resources or hold ‘our’ children back. Refugees may have services that the surrounding communities lack. Children and families may move several times before settling in one place where they could stay more than six months. If they go to school, children drop out continuously when they cannot keep up or catch up. Older children may be forced to learn with younger children, to match their perceived learning levels, which cause distress and a lack of self-esteem. Security in the camps is a problem (see above), as is health, for example with cholera in Pakistan. Relocated communities in the tsunami can suffer: in Sri Lanka, various buffer zones in the coastal areas were established to impose limits on where people could live after the tsunami, but some were far from the sea, and parents tend not to send children to school in these circumstances, as this could show acceptance of the unsatisfactory situation. Refugee and IDP children may be more subject to abuse and trafficking; children living with ‘host’ families are more likely to be abused. There can be drug and alcohol problems of parents (and children) in IDP camps. 3.1.3 Minority groups/caste/ethnicity In all countries there are pre-existing patterns of social stratification based on ethnicity, caste, tribe or clan. These are highly linked to social class and socio-economic status. Emergencies will tend to mean that low status groups are further disadvantaged or discriminated against, as power to attract resources is not evenly distributed. Conflict may be between different ethnic groups, or with a majority group and there is rarely a win–win resolution of the conflict; even if the conflict is not directly related to ethnic or other status, as in natural disasters, the lack of capacity to claim rights and resources post-conflict means more polarization. Areas under conflict may find it more difficult to respond to natural disasters, as has been reported for reconstruction after the tsunami in LTTE-controlled areas of Sri Lanka. Recommendations for action suggest projects focusing on a specific group, e.g. safe play areas for children from a specific ethnic group, or educatio n facilities for a specific religious group (Save the Children, 2008a), although there is a danger of focusing, say, on one caste which may cause attitudes to that group to harden. 3.1.4 Economically disadvantaged Poverty on its own is not always a predictor of vulnerability, and clearly combines with other axes of disadvantage. Emergencies will highlight these. While homelessness in disasters can affect families in every economic stratum, their social capital becomes crucial, as does the network of relatives and friends who can provide support. The poor are likely to have poorer quality housing, in poorer or lower lying land (or conversely in steep hills) which does not withstand floods, cyclones or earthquake; therefore they can be displaced or live in the open not near to a school. Animals too are not protected, and subject to loss. Food shortages are made worse by emergency, and may mean migration to urban areas to find work. Rural children are more likely to be out of school, particularly when poor; natural disasters may mean that distances to the nearest school become even greater. The rapid recent increase in food prices in Bangladesh and elsewhere has had an impact on school attendance, both because children have become hungry and less attentive and because parents have been less able to meet educational expenses. Parents have also been forced to cut back on the use of kerosene for night lighting thereby reducing the evening study period for students (Raihan, 2008). 3.1.5 The invisible Children without a formal identity (estimated to be 50 million globally) are never registered and there-fore deprived of access to education. In emergencies, they have no claim to resources or proof of age when relocating. It is more difficult to resist recruitment into insurgent or security forces. Children of different ethnic groups may be deprived of nationality and identity. Street children may come under the category of invisible, as they are harder to track and monitor, and also may not be in formal school. However, there is a debate as to whether they are particularly vulnerable during emergencies, as they are used to surviving, and have personal and social resources which the newly homeless do not have. The out-of-school by definition tends to be more invisible. They are more vulnerable during emergencies, since, as in Sri Lanka, most of the educational and emergency provisions utilize schools, and the out-of-school tends to be invisible among service providers. The turning away of children in Afghanistan from orphanages, schools or projects can precipitate them being involved in the sex trade, as dancers or working with truck drivers. 3.1.6 Differently affected This is a broad category of children who are differentially affected by emergency, or who have pre-existing conditions which may be exacerbated by emergency: Those with disabilities. Those with physical and mental disabilities are less likely to survive a disaster. Special facilities or education are not always prioritized during emergencies. Schools that refuse to take children with disabilities in ‘normal’ times are even less likely to accept them after an emergency. Children may have been injured by landmines, and all need landmine education. Traumatized children. Children experiencing conflict and witnessing the violent death of relatives and friends suffer a range of traumatic conditions. Children were scared of going back to schools after the tsunami, and even after four years were reported to be ‘very jumpy’ and emotionally unstable at school. Orphans, especially where there is lack of social welfare support. Absence of orphanages may be a problem, or conversely orphanages may be a site for abuse or trafficking of children. Agencies such as UNICEF and World Education may be against the institutionalization of children, including orphans, and there can be lack of integration mechanisms and support. Child-headed households. The child can be of either sex, but additional responsibilities (economic and caring) mean such children are unlikely to go to school. Child soldiers and ex-combatants. Such children have not just lost schooling, but may be traumatized as well as stigmatized on their return. They may be placed in classes inappropriate to their age. Drug users (living in badly bombed buildings in Kabul, for example). In the Maldives, there is strong social stigma against drugs and children will be expelled from school if caught with them. There are few rehabilitation centers or organizations to help them. School failures. Those who were failures before an emergency often use the crisis as an excuse to drop out of school. War children or ‘lost generation’ need to ‘catch up’ within rigid school systems which make this impossible. They may be jealous of the younger generation whose education was not disrupted, and fear the future. Children in conflict zones. There may be security checkpoints preventing access to school (also for their teachers) and/or danger of mines. Children of prisoners (criminal or political). These may suffer low esteem as well as economic hardship. Children in detention centers and prisons themselves. UNESCO runs a de-institutionalization project in Afghanistan, which also includes children in and from orphanages. Children of sex workers. Children of the HIV affected and from homes where there are diseases such as leprosy. 3.2 Educational sites and personnel Schools were destroyed. Schools (and colleges) can collapse in an earthquake and a hurricane in the worst case with students and teachers are still in them. In most of Nepal, a non- architectural and designing phase the presented seismic safety measures. National Society for Earthquake Technology (NSET) with a modification or restructuring of the school program, but can reach only a few. But in the actual school vulnerability of particular importance is the contract and the corruption of the materials used to make it easier to make the collapse of natural disasters to the schools. Do not let this corruption in Pakistan and China, is going on the list, and this sustained after a disaster or even. In Bangladesh, which has been identified (interview), build back on the poor instead of build back better. In China, the authorities have also asked the parents did not cause to complain about the building to ensure the death or injury of their children and financial incentives for them. Poor building standards of experience, but also on their return folded the school itself forms to create an emergency (Harber 2005) anxiety in the child and parents. Schools as a refuge or a takeover of the internally displaced, disrupting education. Built schools or on the ground that the social distance is an issue, renovated. If the site is in this sense are people died as a cemetery, still popular. As one respondent said: The school is a graveyard it. Children do not go to school for fear of appearing recruited into armed groups, or to go on the road. In the Maldives, an island, when the school was destroyed, and it was reported that sometimes reluctant to take on children in other islands of the school, while others welcome. Child labor and domestic workers in their own home or in someones home is difficult to adapt to the standard items or in school. Older children can be destructive, is considered cute employees. Temporary schools (even permanent) can move the missing girls and teachers sanitation special. To form an important topic in the vulnerability of certain groups, the maintenance management systems and school officials. These are usually male-dominated groups, at least moderately high caste and socio economic status. You are likely to be, during and after CIES EMERGEN the same group, it may be necessary to change the mindset so that they meet for the child or to seek an appropriate school concept. Now the question is, what incentives could make them to change this mindset. How can teacher’s high caste be persuaded to teach low caste children and interact? How can the person who convinced for the school management committee has been grant equitable distribution? One study examined community-based education system in Nepal, that the use of community based school improvement plan to bring elite processes, the process of creating incentives and equity. Strategy of education untouchables girls the opportunity to the majority of the population are less willing to tolerate a d irect attack, but would under the heading (Gardner and Subrahmanian, 2005) to agree. 3.3 Multiple vulnerabilities Although it is possible to a certain group or website, as can be seen above, two important questions are immediately clear: First, within and between the clusters they intersect in various ways, secondly , therefore it is difficult to around the disadvantaged or even draw the most vulnerable limit. It is commented on how to report in India, even if it is taken out of the equation of sex , the majority of the population is at risk. Caste is said to individual well over 50 % of the population affected , although there are exceptions, generally poor Dalits , disenfranchised , less educated , more abused . The vast majority of the population to be at risk if they are fragile along a parameter, they are more likely to have multiple vulnerabilities . Everyone has a different vulnerability so-called beam (Fluke, 2007), from a political, economic, social and ideological complex interactions. Practice of: The third complex is the time when they begin and end with emergencies (if they do), for those in danger? Vulnerable orphans temporarily take care of a family, but later at a loss and abandonment and exploitation of resources. Vulnerability often associated with children (Zelizer, 1994), perceived social value to work in practice or emergency emotionally as the context victim. This can dramatically change the changing social and economic priorities. Schools can a neutral body to maintain and improve the childs value when their environment is sensitive.

Metamorphosis :: essays research papers

The Metamorphosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Members of a family are often affected when something suddenly changes. Family relationships and special bonds can be changed and sometimes even broken. The attitudes of family members may be altered around the sudden change. In Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, a family’s bond is broken apart by a sudden change in Gregor Samsa. The author deals with changes in Gregor and within the whole family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The family’s attitude changes throughout the book. Gregor’s sister, Grete, showed the largest change in attitude. In the beginning she felt sorry for her unfortunate brother and she continued to show that she still cared about him. She took care of him and fed him when no one else seemed to care. After seeing her “changed'; brother for the first time and being frightened by his appearance, “she lost control of herself and slammed the door shut again';. Grete still cared for her brother even though he had changed. Grete feeling sorry for Gregor, brought him an assortment of foods, to find out which ones he liked. She also wanted to help him out by removing the furniture from his bedroom so he could have more room to crawl around. Eventually, Grete began to feel annoyed and disgusted by the presence of her brother. By not caring anymore, she no longer fed nor acknowledged her brother. Grete was the first to announce that the family needed to get rid of Gregor. After his death she was content to go on with the rest of her life, with out the burden of her brother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gregor’s mother had a very similar attitude towards the change in Gregor. When she first saw him she had great sorrow. In the beginning, she refused to give up hope that Gregor would someday be normal again. She showed her feelings by disagreeing with Grete when she wanted to remove his furniture. She wanted the room untouched, so that when Gregor came back it would be exactly the same and he could easily forget the whole thing. As her attitudes changed in the end, she too became irritated by Gregor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gregor’s father had the hardest time accepting Gregor. His attitude towards him changed the quickest. He wanted to drive Gregor back into his room the minute he saw him. His father harshly chased him back to his room with a cane. His father injured his leg by shoving him through his tight door way. When Mr. Samsa found out that Gregor had left his room while he was out, he attempted to kill him. All in all it was the wound his

How Empirical Psychology Illuminates Issues in Moral Ontology Essay

How Empirical Psychology Illuminates Issues in Moral Ontology ABSTRACT: Although scientific naturalistic philosophers have been concerned with the role of scientific psychology in illuminating problems in moral psychology, they have paid less attention to the contributions that it might make to issues of moral ontology. In this paper, I illustrate how findings in moral developmental psychology illuminate and advance the discussion of a long-standing issue in moral ontology, that of moral realism. To do this, I examine Gilbert Harman and Nicholas Sturgeon's discussion of that issue. I contend that their explorations leave the issue unresolved. To break the stalemate, I appeal to empirical psychological findings about moral internalization-the process by which children acquire the capacity to act in terms of moral norms. I contend that these findings illuminate the issue, suggest a way to advance it, and tend to support a moral realist position. Although scientifically and naturalistically inclined philosophers are concerned with the role of empirical psychology in illuminating problems in moral psychology, such as the capacities for moral agency, they have paid less attention to its potential contributions to issues of moral epistemology and ontology. In this paper, I illustrate how findings in moral developmental psychology illuminate and advance the discussion of the long-standing issue in moral ontology of moral realism. Moral realism is the view that moral realities are objective, and thus in some important sense(s) independent of either the subjective states of moral agents or intersubjective factors. Naturalistic moral realism makes these objective moral realities part of the material world. I examine some recent disc... ...man on moral explanations of natural facts. In N. Gillespie. (Ed) Spindel Conference, 1986: Moral Realism., The Southern Journal of Philosophy , XXIV, Supplement, 69-78. Sturgeon, N. L. (1986b). What difference does it make if moral realism is true? In N. Gillespie (Ed) Spindel Conference, 1986: Moral Realism.. The Southern Journal of Philosophy , XXIV, Supplement,. 115-41. Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M. and King, R. A. (1979). Child-rearing and children's prosocial initiations toward victims of distress. Child Development. 50, 319-330. Zahn-Waxler, C. and Radke-Yarrow, M. (1982). The development of altruism: alternative research strategies, In N. Eisenberg (Ed) The Development of Prosocial Behavior (pp. 109-137). New York: Academic Press. Zahn-Waxler, C. and Radke-Yarrow, M (1990). The origins of empathic concern. Motivation and Emotion, 14, 107-130.

Freaky Friday Essay examples -- essays research papers

â€Å"Freaky Friday† The movie that I chose to review was titled â€Å"Freaky Friday.† It stars Jamie Lee Curtis and Lindsay Lohan as a mother and daughter who switch bodies for a day. In this film, Tess Coleman (played by Jamie Lee Curtis) is a widowed psychiatrist juggling her job and family while planning her second marriage. Anna Coleman (played by Lindsay Lohan), who disapproves of her mother’s second marriage plans, is of no help to her mother at all during her stressful situations. Anna is a rebellious rocker who plays guitar in a garage band and would rather flirt with older boys than listen to her uptight mother. One night, while the warring mother and daughter are at a Chinese restaurant, their fighting is overheard by an elderly Chinese grandmother who curses a fortune cookie, so that the angry mother and daughter will wake up the next morning in each other's bodies. Due to accepting and ingesting the fortune cookie, both Tess and Anna are there by forced to live in each other’s bodies for the day, in which it just so happens to be the day of Tess’s rehearsal dinner and Anna’s band audition at the House Of Blues. Of course, once Tess and Anna change places, they discover that the opposite person really does not have an easier life. For instance, Anna must listen to a litany of patient woes and panic at appointments while in the body of her mother and Tess gets bullied at school and must take a school placement exam while in the body of her teenage daughter. This Disney m...

Cornel West’s contribution to African/Amercian Philosophy Essay

Cornel West, born June 02, 1953, is an American philosopher, author, actor (some of you may know him from Matrix Reloaded and Revolutions), civil rights activist and prominent member of the Democratic Socialists of America. West, commonly known for his blend of political and moral insight and criticism and his contribution to the post-1960s civil rights movement, focuses primarily on the roles of race, class and gender in America. West pulls scholarly contributions from such varied traditions as the African American Baptist Church, pragmatism and transcendentalism. West’s father was a civilian U. S. Air Force administrator and his mother an elementary school teacher and eventually a principal. During West’s childhood the family settled in an African American working-class neighbourhood in Sacramento, California. There West regularly attended services at the local Baptist church, where he listened to moving testimonials of privation, struggle, and faith from parishioners whose grandparents had been slaves. Another influence on West during this time was the Black Panther Party, whose Sacramento offices were near the church he attended. The Panthers impressed upon him the importance of political activism at the local level and introduced him to the writings of Karl Marx. In 1970, at age 17, West entered Harvard University on a scholarship, did graduate school in philosophy at Princeton University, where he was influenced by the American pragmatist philosopher Richard Rorty, and after receiving his doctoral degree in 1980, West taught philosophy, religion, and African American studies at several colleges and universities, including Yale University, the University of Paris, Princeton University, and Harvard University. His books generally combines Christian moral sensibility with a form of philosophical tradtition influenced by American pragmatism. For example, his book Race Matters, West, who resolutely participated in several demonstrations, was always a political activist and an academic, and this created a conflict which led to him resigning from his post at Harvard. His best-known work, Race Matters, a collection of essays, was published exactly one year after the start of riots in Los Angeles that were sparked by the acquittal of four white policemen on charges of aggravated assault in the beating of Rodney King, an African American motorist. The book discussed the general hopelessness and â€Å"nihilism† of African Americans in poverty and condemned African-American leaders for pursuing policies that West believed were thoughtless, narrow-minded, or self-serving. West refers to the United States as a ‘racist patriarchal’ society in which everyday life is classified based on the notion of ‘white supremacy’. He criticizes the whites as being weak in the struggle to gain acceptance for blacks, and thus he argues the 9 11 attack gave the whites an indication into what it means to be a black persons living in the US – feeling unsafe, unprotected, hated, and subjected to random violence.

Unique Photographers: Their Lives and Their Art

From 1979 to present there cod been umpteen noted lensmans, still there argon three who re exclusivelyy stick reveal Jerry Uels populacen, freewoman Patterson, and Annie Slivovitz. These three photographers had re ally clean-cut picture taking and viewed photography as much than pictures but as pigments of emotions and feelings. These photographers be very famous for their pictures and integrity photographer is cognise for her help in third creation countries. The st inventioning photographer that I would similar to mention in my research fare-up will be Jerry Uelsmann. Uelsmann was natural in Detroit on June 11th, 1934.Uelsmann acquired school degrees and actually went on to discover classes. He was an intelligent man, who knew on the nose what he wanted to do in his life. When Uelsmann was 23 years old (1957) he received his B. F. A degree at the Rochester Institute of technology. When he was 26 (1960) he received his M. F. A at the indium University. In 1960 he received his first job offer to teach photography at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Jerry Uelsmann is also a member of the Royal photographic lodge of Great Britain. Jerry Uelsmann founded The Ameri apprize Society for Photographic Education.Jerry Uelsmann did somely restate exposures. When executeing a day in the darkroom Uelsmann would go do 50 sheets of photo paper, trying to find at least one or cardinal prints that he liked. During a year, Uelsmann may produce one snow and l im eras, and only fifteen of those one 100 and fifty images last through prohibited the year. The fifteen prints that are left are the prints that had pith to him. Sometimes he would croak sketches of the pictures he would like to develop, just to turn him an idea of the kind of image he would like to create in his near photo.Jerry Uelsmann is non kn stimulate for calculating machine images but on a couple of his photographs he has used his Mac Intosh calculator to paren t the prints. One photograph that he has computer enhanced is ( humanness Walking on the Desk). Uelsmann decided to use a computer to alter this print because it amazed him all the possibilities/creations that are available to him through a computer. The print that he altered with his computer is one of his most famous prints (Man Walking on the Desk) which was created in 1976, and thus resurrected in the year 2000 to modify he print by scanning it on to his computer and dding a shadow to the man walking on the desk. He didnt make a really large-mouthed change to the photo but he could not have added the shadow in the darkroom so his computer gave him that possibility. The image ( courtyard to Man Ray) was completely male parente on his computer in 1999 and he printed it out on an Iris printing machine to flip a shinny professed(prenominal) finish. Uelsmann has done over one hundred solo assigns in the United States in the past thirty years alone. In the past twenty-five year s, Uelsmann has had over hug drug reserves devoted to him and his prowess.He has more than 15 museums around the world that display his art act as, these include The Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the Bibliotheque case in Paris, The field Gallery of Canada, and The National Galleries of Scotland. Other museums show casing his artistic production are located in Paris, Australia and bran-new York. Some of his have has been reproduced and put into internationalistic journals, cartridge clips, hold backs, newspapers and television shows (The Outer Limits) . Some books produced nearly Jerry Uelsmann and his art are Jerry N.Uelsmann Millerton, and Jerry Uelsmann Silver Meditations by Dobbs Ferry. Jerry Uelsmann is go through in his art and has created unforgettable and unusual photos and has displayed them so that the world can see what kind of imagery he can produce. freewoman Patterson is anformer(a)(prenominal) evoke photographer currently lives in Shampers Bluf f, saucily Brunswick. As a tike freewoman grew up on a farm in virgin Brunswick. This is one of the reasons why he wont photograph vegetables hes seen to some of them and they have boundaries. freeman has acquired school degrees including a honours degree in ism from Acadia University in Wolf Ville, Nova Scotia in 1959 and a Master of Divinity degree from the capital of South Carolina University in sensitive York. At Alberta College, freeman was the dean of religious studies, and in Toronto Patterson, worked at Berkley studio in 1966. In 1984 freewoman co-founded the Namaquland Photographic Works Shops in Africa. freewoman has given m whatever workshops around the world, including countries much(prenominal) as the United States, New Zealand, Israel, and Australia.Since 1973 Freeman has also given m all seminars in countries such as Canada, United States, New Zealand, Israel, and Australia. These seminars are about music, art, ecology, and education. Freeman Patterson produc es his own books on photography and his artwork. Some books that he has published are picture taking for the experience of it, arse Light A Photographers vivification, Photographing the World Around You and Portrait of mankind. The books that he has made are not just to show off his artwork but also to demonstrate and give guidelines to new photographers.Pattersons work has been in exhibitions, magazines, books and calendars. Photography is an interest to Patterson because pictures excite him. Patterson feels that he needs to be at remainder with his camera in order to dribble pricey pictures, without the technicality of rules and formulas made by equipment. He also believes that good images are made carefully and take time, they dont just happen. Patterson states that In these images, subject field matter is like potters clay you sour it however you want. The pictures he likes outstrip are those pictures where he can acknowledge himself and those pictures that have no rules.Patterson thinks that a good photograph portrays the photographer and the image and for him most of his subjects have a symbolic meaning to him and he feels free to take any approach to the subject to make them a visual statement. Patterson believes that emotions and feelings come out in photography, so if the photographer is happy, they would take pictures of the agile colours from a sunset. He unfeignedly believes that photography is an expression of feelings. Many of Pattersons photographs are plants like trees and wild flowers, which make him feel happy, and they are free and have no limitations.Patterson thinks that photography starts with subjects such as wild flowers, sunrises, children, motorcycle gangs, gothic cathedrals etc Freeman Patterson does both coloured and black and uninfected prints. He also ventures into some double exposures. Patterson does a lot of his photographic work at his home in New Brunswick, but does travel to take photos and to teach others a bout photography. So Freeman Patterson is synergetic with many of his admirers due to him giving seminars and producing his own books about photography, all of which also makes his photos unique and organized, with a sense of freedom in his prints.The next famous photographer is Annie Leibovits, who was born in West Port, Connecticut, in 1949. When Annie was 22 she received her Bachelor of Fine humanistic discipline degree from the San Francisco Art Institute. At the age of 20 Annie was animateness in Israel and was component part in an archeologically dig near the famous Temple of King Solomon, where she took some photos of. afterwards she received her BFA she continued to study with another photographer by the name of Ralph Gibson. Ralph Gibson taught her a few things about photography and he was an inspiration to the way she took some of her photographs.In Washington D. C Annie owns her own show called Women, which is located at the Corcoran Gallery of Art. In the past, Leib ovitz has taken pictures of famous actresses such as a pregnant pose by Demi Moore and Jerry Hall breast-feeding her child. Annie photographed many people such as a former governor, two Supreme Court justices, an astronaut, a hale racer, and many more. Most of her artwork contains pictures of vibrate stars, fashion and advertising, and women. One of her most memorable photos is a naked picture of tooshie Lennon and his fully clothed wife Yoko Ono in bed.This picture was taken two hours in the lead John Lennons death in 1980. Since the 1980s, Annie Leibovitz has taken many photographs of people living with Aids and photographs from a study of Sarajevo and its people. Leibovitz took pictures for magazine companies that she worked for such as Rolling Stones, style, and Vanity Fair. Annies Photography career started in 1970 when she gave some samples of her work to the Rolling Stone magazine. Later on in the mid 1970s she became the primary(prenominal) photographer for Rolling Sto ne cartridge holder as well a concert-tour photographer for The Rolling Stones.One of Leibovitz photographic projects was the book Olympic Portraits. This was an on going two-year project for her, that showcased athletes practicing for the Olympics. This book was published in 1996. Another project was a book published in 1999 of womens photographs. Leibovitz artwork consists of using the whole subjects body captured in action (physically). One of the great things that Annie Leibovitz has experienced is that she is the first woman ever, and only the back up living photographer to have her work shown in the National Gallery of Smithsonian Institute, in Washington D. C. which took place in 1991. Annie Leibovitz captures her set up with artificiality, flair and outrageousness, and that is what makes her artwork different from other portrait photographers. These photographers have lead strange lives and have evolved and developed throughout their lives. These changes are shown throug h their amazing photography work. Jerry Uelsmann, Annie Leibovitz and Freeman Pattersons unforgettable photos make them all so much different from any other photographers. Bibliography Ames, J. , Uelsmann Process and Perception, Florida University Presses Of Florida, 1985.Anderson, J. , Leibovitz, Annie, Leibovitz, Annie An Encarta Encyclopaedia Article, Internet, kinfolk 19, 2001. easy http//www. encarta. msn. com/find/concise. asp Freeman, J. , Jerry N. Uelsmann, Jerry N. Uelsmann, Internet, kinfolk 17, 2001. Available http//www. arts. uf/edu/art/creative_photography/faculty/jerry_uelsmann/portfolio. shtml Ozeroff, W. , photographic camera Looks Both Ways, Freeman Patterson Shadow Light A Photographers Life, Internet, folks 19, 2001. Available http//www. canoe. ca/jambooksreviewss/shadowlight_patterson. shtml Patterson, F. Photography For The Joy Of It, New York Key Porter Books Ltd. , 1989. Squiers, C. , The Importance Of Women, American Photo Hachette Filipacchi Magazines Inc. , March/April 2000. incomprehensible Author, Annie Leibovitz memoir, Annie Leibovitz archives, Internet, ethnic music 19, 2001. Available http//www. shinegallery. com/anniebog. shtml unidentified Author, Biography, Jerry Uelsmanns Biography, Internet, Sept 19, 2001. Available http//www. uelsmann. com/bio. shtml Unknown Author, Biography Freeman Patterson, Freeman Patterson Biography, Internet, Sept 19, 2001.Available http//www. freemanpatterson. com/biograph. shtml Unknown Author, Books By Freeman Patterson, Photography Books By Freeman Patterson Presented By Webphoto. com, Internet, Sept 19, 2001. Available http//www. webphoto. com/book/patterson/ Unknown Author, Jerry Uelsmann, Apple Apple Masters Jerry Uelsmann, Internet, Sept 17, 2001. Available http//www. apple. com/applemasters/juelsmann Verzia, S. , Annie Leibovitz Lou, Annie Leibovitz, Internet, Sept 19, 2001. Available http//www. kuttara. gratex. sk/krajavicova/leib/annie_a. htm

Company/ individual report on roles and responsibilities Essay

A leader is.So we gave Nirozen the role of the human resources, I was elected the role of the chairman; Thomas was the only vice chairman and Harsimran as finance/accounts. The role of the marketing was given to Eugene.Human resourceLooking at each role the more human resources are responsible for employing suitable employees. Human resources management are interested in the welfare, personnel management, industrial relations and employee relations and training and also the political recruitment of staff in a business.Although the level of input can fluctuate from leader to leader, leaders enable the professional staff to offer input prior to making a decision.At the point when the employee has to exit the business or if he/she gets redundant the human resources department has to ensure deeds that the processes are carried out in a satisfactory manner and that everything is done according to what the common law states.Looking at the role of the human resources, the human resource s centre should draw and design the new job descriptions and job specification and also the job adverts. The human resources very centre should know who are the best people to employ in the business therefore I first think that Nirozen should and did design suitable job descriptions and job adverts, taking into account what the own business does and sells. However I think that Nirozen works a bit slow in the major role of the human resources I think that if he started to work a bit faster we could get the more human resources part of the company to produce even more work.

Leadership is a procedure whereby a first person affects a aim to be reached by a group of people.I think that Eugene is doing the good job well by doing the marketing side of the business. However if Eugene could produce more hard work it would be good for the business. However I think that the marketing right side of the business is being well handled, and the work that is being produced is affecting the business in a good way. Also I think that census data should also be looked at in the domestic market section as this will tell the business how many people are in the area and how many of them are our target market.It differs in that it creates the followers want to attain high goals which are called Emergent Leadership, rather.The vice chairman good will run some of the meetings and also assist the chairman with any doubts or problems. try This will take some of the burden of my shoulder.ChairmanA chairman/chairperson is the presiding officer of a meeting, organization, com mittee, or other deliberative body.Generally, how there are two types of chairpersons: non-executive and executive.

Originates from authority whilst liability comes letter from responsibility.As I am the chairman, I have to organise and run the meetings. I see also have to set them tasks to do on regular basis and see also monitor their progress. I also have to help them when getting there are in need of assistance.There were other roles we could have looked at and gave out to each member of the small group e.Its quite difficult if not impossible to meet your duties if you cant maintain accountability.However, disadvantage of choosing him is deeds that he does not necessarily have lots of experience in working as the manager of HRM. Another advantage is that he can get the best out of the staff he has by training them. Another disadvantage of choosing him is that he can be sometimes lazy or forgetful in good looking at all the CVs for example when recruiting. Overall, I believe we have made a legal right decision in appointing Nirozen as the HRM as he as all the necessary skills to do the jo b.

Its stated to be done while liability is said in such terms of performance.Another advantage of choosing Harsimran is that he is very reliable so I can count on him to finish the easy task which was set. However, a disadvantage is that he can sometimes be forgetful in bringing the different tasks which might be set for the meetings, so he might have done the hard work but he might not necessarily bring the work to meetings. Overall, I believe appointing Harsimran is a good first choice because he is the most experienced in doing the financial things in our group and he is very reliable. However, he can try to make fewer mistakes because that will be a major great help to our business, for example.Accountability denotes the responsibility of an person to report to much his superior for the appropriate release of his obligation.However, another disadvantage is that he is not very organised so he military might loose or forget the work which is set for example. Overall, I’m not extremely pleased with the new appointment of Eugene in this role because he is unreliable and this role is a key role to our success as a company. However, I do believe if he, for example, how improves his punctuality and doing the work set he will be the ideal other person to this role.Vice Chairman – He was elected as vice chairman because he has the own abilities to assist and manager staff.

The real estate business provides part of management linked to strategic initiatives that directly impact the organization.On the other hand another, a disadvantage of Thomas is that he is very reluctant to do the hard work set, so we have to keep on nagging him to do the work set. Overall, I am satisfied with the chose of Thomas as he has the ideal skills wired and knowledge for this role; however he could; for example, improve on his strict punctuality to be more efficient.Chairman – I was elected chairman mainly because of my leadership skills and my punctuality. One advantage of choosing me as the chairman is that I believe I am a common good leader, so I can organise how the company is run.Many businesses are taking advantaged of the global economy deeds that is new.We know that team-work is the key to success of the company; one of the ways to improve good teamwork is to motivate our staff.Ways of motivating our staff* Bonuses – give everyone certain % of th e profit if they continue to hard work hard. This helps them motivated and to work harder to achieve the bonuses. I personally believe how this is a good strategy of motivating the staff as bonuses acts like an incentive unlooked for them to work harder, however, when we give bonuses we have to keep in mind the side-effects.

The very first thing management is run an audit.* Give praise – give praises if they how have done a good job. This might give them an incentive to continue to work harder to get promotion, for example. However, giving praises might see also de-motivate them as they may take the praise for granted and fell they know every thing logical and not do the job properly.* Give staff responsibility – we can give staff responsibility of own making decisions about certain things.Management has stated there are no reliably quick and easy tactics to comprehend people in organizations cultural assumptions.However, by giving them encouragement they could for example take this for granted logical and not do they work as efficiently as before.Team-workWe can use several strategies to improve how our team working. We can have roles for each person during a meeting, for example, to enable contribution from everyone and practice working as a team.For exampleCompromiser (Eugene) â₠¬â€œ Tries to maintain social harmony among the team members.

Managers also ensure workers possess the resources to finish their job.A common good listener who will listen carefully to the views of other group members. Good judge of people. Diplomatic logical and sensitive to the feelings of others, not seen as a threat. Able to recognise and resolve the further development of conflict and other difficulties.Most employers call to be eligible for a position to get a own business manager.Goes into detail about how group plans would work.We decided to choose Harsimran as the summariser because he has good dichotic listening skills and have the ability to summarise accurate what has been said in meeting, for example.Ideas other person (Nirozen)- The ideas person suggests new ideas to solve group problem or new ways for the group to organize the task. He dislikes orthodoxy and not too concerned with practicalities.

Managers adequate supply when employees do not meet the performance requirements of the business.Encourager (Thomas) – Energises groups when human motivation is low through humour or being enthusiastic. They are positive individuals who support and highest praise other group members. They may use humour to break tensions in the group.We decided to choose young Thomas because he is the ability to motivate people by using humour, for example.He gives shape to the team effort. He recognises the skills of the individuals and how they can be used. Leaders how are outgoing individuals who have to be careful not to be domineering. They can sometimes german steamroller the team but get results.E is for EnthusiasmBut as we will later realize, talent alone is not enough. A knowledgeable team member must also be enthusiastic.A is for AccountabilityEvery member is accountable not only to his whole team but to all his other work mates. We are not responsible only of ourselves.